UEFI Dual boot with Windows 7/8
This article Article description::describes how to dual boot Microsoft Windows on a UEFI computer.
Prerequisites
We assume you have a computer with Windows 7 or later installed on a GPT-partitioned drive and booting in UEFI mode. Secure Boot has to be disabled in BIOS.
If the drive is empty, try installing Windows before installing Linux.
Disable "Fast Startup"
It is strongly recommended to disable "Fast Startup", aka "hybrid shutdown" or "hybrid boot" in Windows. Without it, Windows' filesystems are not unmounted even when you're using Linux, so editing Windows files can result in data loss. Even if you do not intend to share filesystems, the EFI System Partition is likely to be damaged on an EFI system.
To disable Fast Startup, see here for Windows 8 and here for Windows 10.
Shrink the Windows partition
You can skip this if there's already room for Gentoo partitions.
Windows 7
Windows 7 requires Secure Boot to be Disabled, Legacy ROMs to be Enabled and in any case does not have an Updated Microsoft Signature to pass Secure Boot.[1]
- Press the Windows-r to open the "Run" dialog, and enter diskmgmt.msc OR go to Control Panel/Administrative Tools and open Computer Management. Select the "Disk Management" option under "Storage" from the tree menu on the left.
- Right click on the target partition and choose “shrink volume”
- Provide the size of the shrink
Windows 8 or Windows 10:
- Press Windows-x (windows key and x key simultaneously).
- Choose “Disk Management”
- Right click on the target partition and choose “shrink volume”
- Provide the size of the shrink
Optional: Download and install rEFInd in Windows
Extract refind-bin-{version}.zip to a handy location. Suggest C:\.
Get directions; then install rEFInd from Windows to the Windows EFI System partition (ESP)
For simpler booting in some configurations, ensure that you've installed EFI filesystem drivers for the partition that holds your Linux kernel.
Obtain UEFI bootable Linux media
Download Get a System Rescue Cd iso
Knoppix 7.2 is not a suitable substitute.
Create a System Rescue Cd or System Rescue USB flash drive
Mount the sysresccd or USB drive and restart the computer. The CD or USB should appear as a choice in the rEFInd menu. If the bootable media does not appear in the rEFInd menu, select "Reboot to Computer Setup Utility", then in the BIOS screen check for an entry for the bootable media that is marked as "UEFI". Select that entry as the first boot choice.
Install Gentoo
Quick and easy
With an EFI System Partition provided by installation of Windows or self created, create the root (/) partition (and optionally other partitions) according to the Handbook and proceed with installation until Architecture specific kernel configuration. Complete kernel configuration according to EFI stub kernel and proceed from Configuring the modules.
Reboot and enjoy an UEFI dual boot system!!
Alternative procedure
Exceptions/additions to the Gentoo Handbook:
Create partitions
Use gdisk instead of fdisk or parted for GPT disks. It's provided by sys-apps/gptfdisk.
START OF GDISK EXAMPLE:
gdisk /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.6
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 500118192 sectors, 238.5 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): C72786B7-C1FB-4A60-8F5F-216FA9097A98
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 500118158
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 123357805 sectors (58.8 GiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 616447 300.0 MiB 2700 Basic data partition
2 616448 821247 100.0 MiB EF00 EFI system partition
3 821248 1083391 128.0 MiB 0C01 Microsoft reserved part
4 1083392 376762367 179.1 GiB 0700 Basic data partition
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (5-128, default 5):
First sector (34-500118158, default = 376762368) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (376762368-500118158, default = 500118158) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +100M
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
Entering GPTPart::SetName(const UnicodeString...)
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (6-128, default 6):
First sector (34-500118158, default = 376967168) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (376967168-500118158, default = 500118158) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +1G
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8200
Changed type of partition to 'Linux swap'
Entering GPTPart::SetName(const UnicodeString...)
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (7-128, default 7):
First sector (34-500118158, default = 379064320) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (379064320-500118158, default = 500118158) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
Entering GPTPart::SetName(const UnicodeString...)
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 500118192 sectors, 238.5 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): C72786B7-C1FB-4A60-8F5F-216FA9097A98
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 500118158
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 616447 300.0 MiB 2700 Basic data partition
2 616448 821247 100.0 MiB EF00 EFI System Partition
3 821248 1083391 128.0 MiB 0C01 Microsoft reserved part
4 1083392 376762367 179.1 GiB 0700 Basic data partition
5 376762368 376967167 100.0 MiB 8300 Linux filesystem
6 376967168 379064319 1024.0 MiB 8200 Linux swap
7 379064320 500118158 57.7 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem
Command (? for help): w
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sda.
The operation has completed successfully.
Make file systems:
root #mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda5
root #mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda7
root #mkswap /dev/sda6
root #swapon /dev/sda6
As long as the EFI stub kernel is in an ext2, ext3, ext4, ReiserFS, Btrfs, or FAT32 file system rEFInd will find it and add it to the menu.
Run blkid:
user $blkid/dev/sda7: UUID="1f43e373-f923-4ec2-a62e-6a0d98927583" TYPE="swap" PARTLABEL="Linux filesystem" PARTUUID="92d3d504-9e7e-4c3d-9e56-15e3bd43511b"
The / partition PARTUUID will be used in the kernel configuration in the form root=PARTUUID=92d3d504-9e7e-4c3d-9e56-15e3bd43511b .
Keep it handy.
Continue with the handbook through "7. Configuring the Kernel".
Kernel configuration
Use either "7.b. Default: Manual Configuration" or "7.c. Alternative: Using genkernel" but start genkernel with genkernel --menuconfig all verses just genkernel all. In addition to the items specified in the handbook or set by genkernel, enable the following:
In menuconfig:
General setup CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD=y CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="" CONFIG_RD_GZIP=y CONFIG_RD_BZIP2=y CONFIG_RD_LZMA=y CONFIG_RD_XZ=y CONFIG_RD_LZO=y CONFIG_RD_LZ4=y
-*- Enable the block layer ---> Partition Types ---> [*] PC BIOS (MSDOS partition tables) support [*] EFI GUID Partition support Processor type and features ---> [*] EFI runtime service support [*] EFI stub support [*] EFI mixed-mode support [*] Built-in kernel command line (root=PARTUUID=92d3d504-9e7e-4c3d-9e56-15e3bd43511b ro) Built-in kernel command string EXAMPLE USE CORRECT PARTUUID FOUND WITH BLKID [*] Built-in command line overrides boot loader arguments Firmware Drivers ---> <*> EFI Variable Support via sysfs Device Drivers ---> Graphics support ---> <*> Support for frame buffer devices ---> [*] EFI-based Framebuffer Support File systems ---> Pseudo filesystems ---> -*- /proc file system support [*] /proc/kcore support [*] Tmpfs virtual memory file system support (former shm fs) [*] Tmpfs POSIX Access Control Lists -*- Tmpfs extended attributes [*] HugeTLB file system support <*> Userspace-driven configuration filesystem
If an initramfs is to be used, add an initrd="/boot/<your initramfs name>" to the kernel configuration item "CONFIG_CMDLINE" as in the following example:
Processor type and features ---> [*] Built-in kernel command line (initrd=/boot/initramfs root=PARTUUID=92d3d504-9e7e-4c3d-9e56-15e3bd43511b ro) Built-in kernel command string EXAMPLE USE CORRECT PARTUUID FOUND WITH BLKID [*] Built-in command line overrides boot loader arguments
If systemd is to be used, add "init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" to the kernel configuration item "CONFIG_CMDLINE" as in the following example:
Processor type and features ---> [*] Built-in kernel command line (root=PARTUUID=92d3d504-9e7e-4c3d-9e56-15e3bd43511b ro init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd quiet) Built-in kernel command string EXAMPLE USE CORRECT PARTUUID FOUND WITH BLKID [*] Built-in command line overrides boot loader arguments
If systemd and an initramfs are to be used; example:
Processor type and features ---> [*] Built-in kernel command line (initrd=/boot/initramfs root=PARTUUID=92d3d504-9e7e-4c3d-9e56-15e3bd43511b ro init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd quiet) Built-in kernel command string EXAMPLE USE CORRECT PARTUUID FOUND WITH BLKID [*] Built-in command line overrides boot loader arguments
Use make && make modules_install && make install to build a manual kernel. Finish the Handbook. No need to emerge or install grub or lilo or grub2. rEFInd will act as the boot manager.
Alternative booting
You may consider boot options suggested by refind Linux page. If you going to stick with refind config setup would be a better decision. In few words you're not required to hardcode kernel launch arguments, instead you should provide refind_linux.conf in the /boot partition next to the kernel binary. It's also possible to select described in refind_linux.conf file boot options at refind launch screen (press F2 to invoke additional boot options menu). You could find additional info with examples of refind_linux.conf at refind linux page.
Dynamic disk
"Dynamic disk" in Windows can be thought as an analog of LVM in Linux, which is not recommendable for dual boot. (See this ArchWiki article for more.)
In bug #700960, an ebuild of "libldm", which provides read/write access to dynamic disks, is submitted.
See also
- EFI stub kernel — provides instructions on configuring and installing unsigned kernels in the EFI System Partition (ESP) of a computer running in EFI mode.
- EFI System Partition — a FAT formatted partition containing the primary EFI boot loader(s) or kernel image(s) for installed operating systems.
- Efibootmgr — a tool for managing UEFI boot entries.
- REFInd — a boot manager for EFI and UEFI platforms forked from and successor to rEFIt.
- NTFS — a proprietary disk filesystem by Microsoft for Windows and Windows-based operating systems.
External resources
- How to repair Windows' EFI bootloader ... ... if it accidentally got deleted